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1 musical form
Общая лексика: музыкальная форма -
2 form
I1. [fɔ:m] n1. форма; внешний вид; очертаниеto take the form of smth. - принимать вид /форму/ чего-л.
2. 1) фигура ( человека)well-proportioned form - пропорциональное сложение, хорошая фигура
I saw a well-known form standing before me - я увидел перед собой хорошо знакомую фигуру
2) обличьеProteus was able to appear in the form of any animal - Протей мог являться в обличье любого животного
3) стать ( лошади)3. форма, видliterary [musical] form - литературная [музыкальная] форма
4. вид, разновидность; тип5. стиль, манераhis form in swimming is bad - он плавает плохо /плохим стилем/
bad [good] form - дурной [хороший] тон; плохие [хорошие] манеры
6. 1) состояние; форма ( часто спортивная); готовностьto be in (good) form - а) быть в хорошем состоянии; б) быть в хорошей (спортивной) форме; в) быть в ударе
to be in bad form, to be out of form - а) быть в плохом состоянии; б) быть в плохой (спортивной) форме; в) быть не в ударе, «не в форме»
to round into form - спорт. приобретать спортивную форму
2) настроение, душевное состояниеJack was in great form at the dinner party - Джек был в приподнятом настроении на званом обеде
7. 1) формальность; проформаas a matter of form, for form's sake - для проформы, формально
2) церемония, порядокfound in good and due form - дип. найденные в должном порядке и надлежащей форме ( о полномочиях)
form of action - юр. процессуальная форма
3) установившаяся форма выражения; формула8. класс ( в школе)upper [lower] forms - старшие [младшие] классы
9. форма, бланк, образец; анкетаprinted [telegraph] form - печатный [телеграфный] бланк
a form for a deed - бланк /форма/ для соглашения
to fill in /up/ a form - заполнить бланк /анкету и т. п./
10. длинная скамья, скамейка11. нора ( зайца)12. грам. форма слова13. спец.1) форма исполнения ( машины)2) модель, тип, образец; торговый сорт (металла и т. п.)14. тех. форма для литья15. полигр. печатная форма16. стр. форма; опалубка17. (математическое) выражение2. [fɔ:m] v1. 1) придавать форму, видto form a piece of wood into a certain shape - придавать куску дерева определённую форму
to form smth. after /upon, from, by, in accordance with/ a pattern - создавать /делать/ что-л. по определённому образцу
state formed after the Roman republic - государство, созданное по образцу Римской республики
2) принимать форму, вид2. 1) составлять, образовывать; формироватьthese parts together form a perfect whole - эти части образуют вместе гармоничное целое
the rain formed large pools on the lawn - от дождя на газоне образовались большие лужи
the clouds formed a veil over the mountain-top - облака затянули вершину горы
the baby is beginning to form short words - ребёнок начинает произносить короткие слова
2) образовываться; формироваться3) грам. образовыватьto form the plural of a noun - образовать множественное число существительного
3. 1) создавать, составлять; формулироватьto form a plan - создать /выработать/ план
to form a habit - приобрести привычку, привыкнуть (к чему-л.)
2) возникать, оформлятьсяthe idea slowly formed in my mind - эта мысль постепенно становилась у меня более отчётливой
4. представлять собой; являтьсяchocolate forms a wholesome substitute for staple food - шоколад является полноценным заменителем основных продуктов питания
bonds formed the bulk of his estate - основную часть его состояния представляли облигации
5. тренировать, дисциплинировать; воспитывать; развиватьto form a child by care [by attention, by severity] - воспитывать ребёнка заботливо [внимательно, строго]
to form good habits - прививать хорошие привычки /навыки хорошего поведения/
6. формировать, организовывать; образовывать, создаватьthe children were formed into small groups - дети были разбиты на небольшие группы
7. воен.1) строить2) строиться8. спец.1) формировать2) формовать9. сад. обрезать, подвергать обрезке; формировать крону10. забираться, забиваться в нору ( о зайце)II [fɔ:m] = forma -
3 form
I1. [fɔ:m] n1. форма; внешний вид; очертаниеto take the form of smth. - принимать вид /форму/ чего-л.
2. 1) фигура ( человека)well-proportioned form - пропорциональное сложение, хорошая фигура
I saw a well-known form standing before me - я увидел перед собой хорошо знакомую фигуру
2) обличьеProteus was able to appear in the form of any animal - Протей мог являться в обличье любого животного
3) стать ( лошади)3. форма, видliterary [musical] form - литературная [музыкальная] форма
4. вид, разновидность; тип5. стиль, манераhis form in swimming is bad - он плавает плохо /плохим стилем/
bad [good] form - дурной [хороший] тон; плохие [хорошие] манеры
6. 1) состояние; форма ( часто спортивная); готовностьto be in (good) form - а) быть в хорошем состоянии; б) быть в хорошей (спортивной) форме; в) быть в ударе
to be in bad form, to be out of form - а) быть в плохом состоянии; б) быть в плохой (спортивной) форме; в) быть не в ударе, «не в форме»
to round into form - спорт. приобретать спортивную форму
2) настроение, душевное состояниеJack was in great form at the dinner party - Джек был в приподнятом настроении на званом обеде
7. 1) формальность; проформаas a matter of form, for form's sake - для проформы, формально
2) церемония, порядокfound in good and due form - дип. найденные в должном порядке и надлежащей форме ( о полномочиях)
form of action - юр. процессуальная форма
3) установившаяся форма выражения; формула8. класс ( в школе)upper [lower] forms - старшие [младшие] классы
9. форма, бланк, образец; анкетаprinted [telegraph] form - печатный [телеграфный] бланк
a form for a deed - бланк /форма/ для соглашения
to fill in /up/ a form - заполнить бланк /анкету и т. п./
10. длинная скамья, скамейка11. нора ( зайца)12. грам. форма слова13. спец.1) форма исполнения ( машины)2) модель, тип, образец; торговый сорт (металла и т. п.)14. тех. форма для литья15. полигр. печатная форма16. стр. форма; опалубка17. (математическое) выражение2. [fɔ:m] v1. 1) придавать форму, видto form a piece of wood into a certain shape - придавать куску дерева определённую форму
to form smth. after /upon, from, by, in accordance with/ a pattern - создавать /делать/ что-л. по определённому образцу
state formed after the Roman republic - государство, созданное по образцу Римской республики
2) принимать форму, вид2. 1) составлять, образовывать; формироватьthese parts together form a perfect whole - эти части образуют вместе гармоничное целое
the rain formed large pools on the lawn - от дождя на газоне образовались большие лужи
the clouds formed a veil over the mountain-top - облака затянули вершину горы
the baby is beginning to form short words - ребёнок начинает произносить короткие слова
2) образовываться; формироваться3) грам. образовыватьto form the plural of a noun - образовать множественное число существительного
3. 1) создавать, составлять; формулироватьto form a plan - создать /выработать/ план
to form a habit - приобрести привычку, привыкнуть (к чему-л.)
2) возникать, оформлятьсяthe idea slowly formed in my mind - эта мысль постепенно становилась у меня более отчётливой
4. представлять собой; являтьсяchocolate forms a wholesome substitute for staple food - шоколад является полноценным заменителем основных продуктов питания
bonds formed the bulk of his estate - основную часть его состояния представляли облигации
5. тренировать, дисциплинировать; воспитывать; развиватьto form a child by care [by attention, by severity] - воспитывать ребёнка заботливо [внимательно, строго]
to form good habits - прививать хорошие привычки /навыки хорошего поведения/
6. формировать, организовывать; образовывать, создаватьthe children were formed into small groups - дети были разбиты на небольшие группы
7. воен.1) строить2) строиться8. спец.1) формировать2) формовать9. сад. обрезать, подвергать обрезке; формировать крону10. забираться, забиваться в нору ( о зайце)II [fɔ:m] = forma -
4 form
форма;1) binary form — двухчастная форма; 2) composite form — составная форма; 3) dance-influenced form — танцевальная форма ( в инструментальной музыке); 4) five-part form — пятичастная форма; 5) four-part form — четырехчастная форма; 6) imitative form — имитационная форма (фуга, ренессансный мотет); 7) instrumental form — форма инструментальной музыки; 8) Krebs-form — ракоход, ракоходная форма серии; 9) musical form — музыкальная форма; 10) musico-poetic form — текстомузыкальная форма; 11) prime form — прима, первоначальная форма серии; 12) rondo form — форма рондо; 13) rounded binary form — двухчастная репризная (?) форма; 14) sonata form — сонатная форма; 15) sonata-allegro form — форма сонатного аллегро; 16) strophic form — строфическая форма; 17) triadic form — троичная форма, форма-триада ( строфа - антистрофа - эпод); 18) ternary form — трехчастная форма; 19) through-composed form — сквозная форма ( средневековый мотет); 20) variation form — вариационная форма; 21) vocal form — форма вокальной музыки -
5 form
1. n1) форма; обрис; (зовнішній) вигляд2) постать, фігура (людини)3) стать (коня)4) форма, вид5) різновид; тип6) стиль, манера; спосіб7) стан; (спортивна) формаto be in good form — бути в доброму стані; бути у добрій (спортивній) формі
8) формальність, проформа9) церемонія, порядок10) формула; усталена форма12) бланк, форма; анкета; зразок13) довга лава; парта15) модель, взірець, тип; торговий сорт (металу тощо)16) тех. форма для литва17) друк. друкарська форма18) буд. опалубка19) грам. форма словаform letter — стандартний лист, циркуляр
2. v1) надавати форми (вигляду)4) формулювати, виробляти (план тощо)5) виникати, оформлятися7) тренувати; виховувати (характер); дисциплінувати8) грам. утворювати (ся)9) організовувати, створювати10) обрізати, формувати крону11) забитися в нору (про зайця)* * *I [fxːm] n1) форма; зовнішній вигляд; обрис, контур3) форма, вигляд4) вид, різновид; тип5) стиль, манера6) стан; форма ( часто спортивна); готовність; настрій, душевний стан7) формальність; проформа; церемонія, порядокform of action — юp. процесуальна форма; усталена форма вираження; формула (нaпp., привітання)
9) форма, бланк, зразок; анкетаto fill in /up/ a form — заповнити бланк /анкету /
10) довга лава, ослін12) гpaм. форма слова14) тих. форма для лиття15) пoлiгp. друкована форма16) бyд. форма; опалубка17) ( математичний) виразII [fxːm] v1) надавати форму, надавати вигляду; приймати форму, вигляд2) складати, утворювати; формувати; утворюватися; формуватися; гpaм. утворювати (нaпp., множину)3) створювати, складати; формулювати; виникати, оформлятися4) являти собою; бути5) тренувати, дисциплінувати; виховувати; розвивати6) формувати, організовувати; утворювати, створювати7) вiйcьк. шикувати; шикуватися8) cпeц. формувати9) caд. обрізати; формувати крону10) забиратися, забиватися в нору ( про зайця)III [fxːm] = forma -
6 form
I 1. [fo:m] noun1) ((a) shape; outward appearance: He saw a strange form in the darkness.) vulto2) (a kind, type or variety: What form of ceremony usually takes place when someone gets a promotion?) tipo3) (a document containing certain questions, the answers to which must be written on it: an application form.) formulário4) (a fixed way of doing things: forms and ceremonies.) formalidade5) (a school class: He is in the sixth form.) ano2. verb1) (to make; to cause to take shape: They decided to form a drama group.) formar2) (to come into existence; to take shape: An idea slowly formed in his mind.) formar-se3) (to organize or arrange (oneself or other people) into a particular order: The women formed (themselves) into three groups.) juntar(-se)4) (to be; to make up: These lectures form part of the medical course.) constituir•- be in good form
- in the form of II [fo:m] noun(a long, usually wooden seat: The children were sitting on forms.) banco* * *[fɔ:m] n 1 forma, configuração, aparência, aspecto, contorno, formato. his gratitude took the form of a check / sua gratidão manifestou-se em forma de cheque. 2 figura, feição, feitio, talhe, vulto. 3 molde, modelo, padrão, forma. the disease appears under various forms / a doença manifesta-se de vários modos. 4 constituição específica, estrutura, sistema, arranjo e estilo, em composição literária, musical ou plástica. his form in running is bad / seu estilo de corrida não é bom. 5 método, uso, ritual, prática, praxe, formalidade. 6 ordem, disposição, norma, arranjo. 7 formulário: documento impresso ou datilografado com claros para preencher. 8 estado, caráter, aparição, visão, condição, manifestação. 9 espécie, sorte, variedade. heat, light, electricity are forms of energy / calor, luz, eletricidade são espécies de energia. 10 Philos forma. 11 Gram flexão. 12 Brit classe, série (nas escolas). 13 Typogr forma. 14 Brit banco escolar. • vt+vi 1 formar, afeiçoar, dar forma ou feição a (alguma coisa), moldar, modelar, fazer, fabricar, criar. form good habits while you are young / adquira bons hábitos enquanto for jovem. 2 formar-se, tomar forma, surgir. 3 produzir, fazer, criar, converter-se em, constituir. 4 conceber, idear, planejar, imaginar. 5 organizar, formar-se, estabelecer. we formed a club / constituímos um clube. 6 adquirir, contrair, ensinar, educar. 7 pôr em ordem, dispor em certa ordem. the soldiers formed themselves into lines / os soldados entraram em forma. 8 Gram servir de, construir (frases, sentenças). a matter of form uma formalidade. a mere form uma mera formalidade. bad form sem modos, sem educação. clouds form in the sky no céu formam-se nuvens. for form’s sake por formalidade, pro forma. good form boas maneiras. in due and legal form nos termos da lei. in due form em devida forma. in great form com ótima disposição. it is bad form isso não se faz, não está direito. to form the mind desenvolver a inteligência. to form up entrar em forma, ficar em fila. water forms ice água converte-se em gelo.————————formerly -
7 form
I[fɔ:m] n ձև, ձևաթուղթ. in abridged form կրճատ ձևով. in the form of ձևով. (տեսակ) literary/ musical/old-fashioned form գրական, երա ժշտական/հնաոճ ձև. take various forms տար բեր ձևեր ընդունել. legal/statutory form իրա վա կան ձև. be in good form լավ ձևի մեջ լինել. in due form, in the proper form պատշաճ ձևով/ կար գով. (դա սարան) the first/second form առա ջին/ երկրորդ դասա րան. (կազմվածք) slender form նուրբ կազմվածք. (վարվելակարգ) a matter of form հանդիսակարգի հարց. bad form ան բա րե կիրթ վարք. fill in a form հարցա թե րթ/ ձև լրաց նելII[fɔ:m] v կազմել. form a sentence նախա դասու թյուն կազմել. (ձևավորել) form out of clay/ stone/wood կավից/քարից /փայտից ձևա վորել. (կազմակերպել, ստեղծել) form a committee կոմիտե ստեղծել. form a theory տեսություն ձևա վորել. form a habit սովորույթ մշակել. form a government կառավարություն ձևավորել. (զարգանալ, առաջանալ) Crystals formed Բյուրեղ ներ առաջացան -
8 translate a musical structure in to fictional form
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > translate a musical structure in to fictional form
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9 translate a musical structure into fictional form
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > translate a musical structure into fictional form
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10 Music
Portugal's musical tradition began in the 15th century when songs ( cantigas) written by court troubadours were set to music. Early in the 16th century the cathedral in Coimbra became a center for the composition of polyphonic music and produced several composers of note. Portugal's musical tradition was carried throughout the Portuguese overseas empire. The playwright Gil Vicente used incidental music in his religious plays, some of which could be described as protomusicals. Until the 17th century, musical training was controlled by the Catholic Church, and the clergy dominated the field of composition. During this 18th century, Portuguese mon-archs lavished money and attention on music teachers and composers, which gave Portugal the best and liveliest court music anywhere in Europe. During the period, the Italian Domenico Scarlatti was court choirmaster, which infused Portuguese church music and opera with the Neapolitan style. A Portuguese, João de Sousa Carvalho, was one of the most popular composers of opera and musical drama in Europe during the second half of the 18th century.Perhaps the best-known Portuguese composer is João Domingos Bomtempo. Bomtempo wrote music in the classical style and, as head of the National Academy of Music, assured that the classical style remained integral to Portuguese music until well into the Romantic era. Gradually, Romantic music from Europe was accepted, having been introduced by Alfredo Keil, a Portuguese painter, musician, and opera composer of German descent. Portugal's only Romantic composer of note, Keil wrote the music for A Portuguesa, the official Portuguese national anthem since 1911.The most widely known musical form of Portugal is the fado. Meaning fate, fado is singing that expresses a melancholic longing intermingled with sadness, regret, and resignation. There are at least two variations of fado: the Lisbon fado and the Coimbra or university student fado. Its origins are hotly debated. The most famous Portuguese fado singer was Amália Rodrigues (1920-99); presently, Mariza holds that claim. -
11 music
'mju:zik
1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; (also adjective) a music lesson.) música2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) música•- musical
2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) musical- musician
music n músicatr['mjʊːzɪk]1 música\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be music to one's ears ser música para los oídosto put/set something to music poner música a algoto read music leer músicamusic box caja de músicamusic centre equipo de músicamusic hall teatro de variedadesmusic lover melómano,-amusic score partituramusic stand atril nombre masculinomusic ['mju:zɪk] n: música fn.• música s.f.• solfa s.f.'mjuːzɪkmass nouna) ( art form) música fb) ( written notes) partitura f, música fcan you read music? — ¿sabes solfeo?, ¿sabes leer música?; (before n)
['mjuːzɪk]music stand — atril m
1.N música f- face the music2.CPDmusic box N — (esp US) caja f de música
music centre N — equipo m estereofónico
music critic N — crítico(-a) m / f musical
music director N — director(a) m / f musical
music festival N — festival m de música
music hall N — teatro m de variedades
music lesson N — (instrumental) clase f de música; (vocal) clase f de solfeo
music lover N — aficionado(-a) m / f a la música, amante mf de la música
music paper N — papel m de música, papel m pautado
music stand N — atril m
music video N — videoclip m
* * *['mjuːzɪk]mass nouna) ( art form) música fb) ( written notes) partitura f, música fcan you read music? — ¿sabes solfeo?, ¿sabes leer música?; (before n)
music stand — atril m
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12 music
['mju:zik] 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) musik; musik-2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) noder•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) musical- musician* * *['mju:zik] 1. noun1) (the art of arranging and combining sounds able to be produced by the human voice or by instruments: She prefers classical music to popular music; She is studying music; ( also adjective) a music lesson.) musik; musik-2) (the written form in which such tones etc are set down: The pianist has forgotten to bring her music.) noder•- musical2. noun(a film or play that includes a large amount of singing, dancing etc.) musical- musician -
13 note
[nəut] 1. noun1) (a piece of writing to call attention to something: He left me a note about the meeting.) besked; seddel2) ((in plural) ideas for a speech, details from a lecture etc written down in short form: The students took notes on the professor's lecture.) notat; note3) (a written or mental record: Have you kept a note of his name?) seddel; notat4) (a short explanation: There is a note at the bottom of the page about that difficult word.) fodnote5) (a short letter: She wrote a note to her friend.) besked6) ((American bill) a piece of paper used as money; a bank-note: a five-dollar note.) pengeseddel; -seddel7) (a musical sound: The song ended on a high note.) node8) (a written or printed symbol representing a musical note.) node9) (an impression or feeling: The conference ended on a note of hope.) atmosfære2. verb1) ((often with down) to write down: He noted (down) her telephone number in his diary.) notere2) (to notice; to be aware of: He noted a change in her behaviour.) bemærke•- notable- notability
- notably
- noted
- notelet
- notebook
- notecase
- notepaper
- noteworthy
- noteworthiness
- take note of* * *[nəut] 1. noun1) (a piece of writing to call attention to something: He left me a note about the meeting.) besked; seddel2) ((in plural) ideas for a speech, details from a lecture etc written down in short form: The students took notes on the professor's lecture.) notat; note3) (a written or mental record: Have you kept a note of his name?) seddel; notat4) (a short explanation: There is a note at the bottom of the page about that difficult word.) fodnote5) (a short letter: She wrote a note to her friend.) besked6) ((American bill) a piece of paper used as money; a bank-note: a five-dollar note.) pengeseddel; -seddel7) (a musical sound: The song ended on a high note.) node8) (a written or printed symbol representing a musical note.) node9) (an impression or feeling: The conference ended on a note of hope.) atmosfære2. verb1) ((often with down) to write down: He noted (down) her telephone number in his diary.) notere2) (to notice; to be aware of: He noted a change in her behaviour.) bemærke•- notable- notability
- notably
- noted
- notelet
- notebook
- notecase
- notepaper
- noteworthy
- noteworthiness
- take note of -
14 Creativity
Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with DisorderEven to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)[P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity
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15 note
nəut
1. noun1) (a piece of writing to call attention to something: He left me a note about the meeting.) nota2) ((in plural) ideas for a speech, details from a lecture etc written down in short form: The students took notes on the professor's lecture.) nota, anotación3) (a written or mental record: Have you kept a note of his name?) nota4) (a short explanation: There is a note at the bottom of the page about that difficult word.) nota5) (a short letter: She wrote a note to her friend.) nota6) ((American bill) a piece of paper used as money; a bank-note: a five-dollar note.) billete7) (a musical sound: The song ended on a high note.) nota8) (a written or printed symbol representing a musical note.) nota9) (an impression or feeling: The conference ended on a note of hope.) nota
2. verb1) ((often with down) to write down: He noted (down) her telephone number in his diary.) apuntar, anotar2) (to notice; to be aware of: He noted a change in her behaviour.) notar, advertir•- notable- notability
- notably
- noted
- notelet
- notebook
- notecase
- notepaper
- noteworthy
- noteworthiness
- take note of
note1 n1. nota2. billeteto make a note of something tomar nota de algo / apuntar algonote2 vb recordarse / fijarsenote that the plural of "mouse" is "mice" fijaos que el plural de "mouse" es "mice"tr[nəʊt]1 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL nota (key) tecla2 (message) nota3 (money) billete nombre masculino■ £1000 in used five pound notes mil libras en billetes usados de cinco libras1 (notice) notar, advertir2 (pay special attention) fijarse en■ note that the plural of "child" is "children' fijaos en que el plural de "child" es "children"3 (write down) apuntar, anotar1 apuntes nombre masculino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLof note digno,-a de mención, de importanciato compare notes cambiar impresionesto make a note of apuntarto take notes tomar apuntes1) notice: notar, observar, tomar nota de2) record: anotar, apuntarnote n1) : nota f (musical)2) comment: nota f, comentario m3) letter: nota f, cartita f4) prominence: prestigio ma musician of note: un músico destacado5) attention: atención fto take note of: prestar atención an.• anotación s.f.• apuntación s.f.• apuntamiento s.m.• apunte s.m.• billete s.m.• cuenta s.f.• nota s.f.• señal s.f.• tono s.m.v.• anotar v.• apuntar v.• notar v.• observar v.
I nəʊt1) ca) (record, reminder) nota fto make a note of something — anotar or apuntar algo
to make notes — hacer* anotaciones
to take notes — tomar apuntes or notas
b) ( comment) nota f, comentario m2) c ( message) nota f3) ca) ( Mus) nota fb) ( tone)if I may sound a note of caution... — si se me permite llamar a la precaución...
c) (element, hint) toque m4) c (esp BrE) ( banknote) billete m5) ua) (importance, interest)a surgeon of note — un cirujano de renombre, un eminente cirujano
b) ( attention)take note of what he says — toma nota de or presta atención a lo que dice
II
a) (observe, notice) observar, fijarse en; \<\<objections\>\> tomar (debida) nota deto note THAT — observar or notar que
b) ( record) \<\<information/details\>\> apuntar, anotarPhrasal Verbs:[nǝʊt]1. N1) (=written reminder, record)a) (short) nota fmental 1., 1)•
keep a note of all your expenses — detalla or anota todos tus gastos•
to speak from notes — hablar con la ayuda de apuntes or notas•
to make notes — hacer anotaciones•
to take notes — tomar apuntes•
to speak without notes — hablar sin la ayuda de apuntes or notas- compare noteslecture 4.programme, sleevewith an introduction and notes by... — con introducción y comentarios de...
3) (=letter, message) nota fdelivery, sick 3., suicidejust a quick note to tell you... — solo una nota para decirte que...
4) (official, diplomatic) nota fthe only discordant note was the bad feeling between his two brothers — la única nota discordante fue la animosidad entre sus dos hermanos
there was a note of nostalgia in her voice — había un dejo or deje de nostalgia en su voz
•
the 1980s/evening ended on a high note — la década de los ochenta/la velada se cerró con un broche de oro•
on a more positive note... — mirando el lado positivo...•
to sound a note of caution — llamar a la prudencia•
he tried to strike a note of optimism in his speech — intentó que su discurso sonara optimistahis speech struck the right/wrong note — su discurso fue/no fue acertado
6) (Mus) (=sound) nota f; (=key) tecla f7) (=bank note) billete m8) (=importance)•
a writer/an artist of note — un escritor/un artista destacado or de renombre•
this is a first novel of some note — esta es una primera novela que merece atención9) (=notice)•
to take note (of sth/sb), the government should take note of this survey — el gobierno debería tomar nota del resultado de esta encuestapeople began to take note of him — la gente empezó a tenerlo en cuenta or prestarle atención
•
worthy of note — digno de mención2. VT1) (=observe)note the statue by Rodin in the entrance hall — tomen nota de or fíjense en la estatua de Rodin en el vestíbulo
she noted that his hands were dirty — notó que tenía las manos sucias, se dio cuenta de que tenía las manos sucias
please note that there are a limited number of tickets — les informamos que el número de entradas es limitado
2) (=point out)the report notes that this trend is on the increase — el informe señala or indica que esta tendencia se está extendiendo
3) (=record officially) tomar nota de4) (=write down) anotar, apuntar3.CPDnote issue N — emisión f fiduciaria
* * *
I [nəʊt]1) ca) (record, reminder) nota fto make a note of something — anotar or apuntar algo
to make notes — hacer* anotaciones
to take notes — tomar apuntes or notas
b) ( comment) nota f, comentario m2) c ( message) nota f3) ca) ( Mus) nota fb) ( tone)if I may sound a note of caution... — si se me permite llamar a la precaución...
c) (element, hint) toque m4) c (esp BrE) ( banknote) billete m5) ua) (importance, interest)a surgeon of note — un cirujano de renombre, un eminente cirujano
b) ( attention)take note of what he says — toma nota de or presta atención a lo que dice
II
a) (observe, notice) observar, fijarse en; \<\<objections\>\> tomar (debida) nota deto note THAT — observar or notar que
b) ( record) \<\<information/details\>\> apuntar, anotarPhrasal Verbs: -
16 play
plei
1. verb1) (to amuse oneself: The child is playing in the garden; He is playing with his toys; The little girl wants to play with her friends.) jugar2) (to take part in (games etc): He plays football; He is playing in goal; Here's a pack of cards - who wants to play (with me)?; I'm playing golf with him this evening.) jugar (a)3) (to act in a play etc; to act (a character): She's playing Lady Macbeth; The company is playing in London this week.) representar, actuar4) ((of a play etc) to be performed: `Oklahoma' is playing at the local theatre.) ser representado5) (to (be able to) perform on (a musical instrument): She plays the piano; Who was playing the piano this morning?; He plays (the oboe) in an orchestra.) tocar6) ((usually with on) to carry out or do (a trick): He played a trick on me.) gastar una broma (a alguien)7) ((usually with at) to compete against (someone) in a game etc: I'll play you at tennis.) jugar contra8) ((of light) to pass with a flickering movement: The firelight played across the ceiling.) rielar, bailar9) (to direct (over or towards something): The firemen played their hoses over the burning house.) dirigir10) (to put down or produce (a playing-card) as part of a card game: He played the seven of hearts.) jugar
2. noun1) (recreation; amusement: A person must have time for both work and play.) diversión2) (an acted story; a drama: Shakespeare wrote many great plays.) obra3) (the playing of a game: At the start of today's play, England was leading India by fifteen runs.) partido4) (freedom of movement (eg in part of a machine).) juego•- player- playable
- playful
- playfully
- playfulness
- playboy
- playground
- playing-card
- playing-field
- playmate
- playpen
- playschool
- plaything
- playtime
- playwright
- at play
- bring/come into play
- child's play
- in play
- out of play
- play at
- play back
- play down
- play fair
- play for time
- play havoc with
- play into someone's hands
- play off
- play off against
- play on
- play a
- no part in
- play safe
- play the game
- play up
play1 n1. obra de teatrothere's a Shakespeare play on at the local theatre representan una obra de Shakespeare en el teatro de la ciudad2. juegoplay2 vb1. jugar2. tocartr[pleɪ]1 (recreation) juego3 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL obra (de teatro), pieza (teatral)4 (free and easy movement, slack) juego5 (action, effect, interaction) juego1 (game, sport) jugar a■ some played cards while the others played football algunos jugamos a cartas mientras otros jugaron a fútbol■ do you play the Stock Exchange? ¿juegas a la Bolsa?2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (compete against) jugar contra; (in position) jugar de; (ball) pasar; (card) jugar; (piece) mover■ have you played David at tennis? ¿has jugado al tenis con David?3 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL tocar1 (joke, trick) gastar, hacer2 (record, song, tape) poner3 (direct - light, water) dirigir1 (amuse oneself) jugar (at, a), ( with, con)2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (at game) jugar4 (pretend) pretender, jugar a■ what are you playing at? ¿qué pretendes?, ¿a qué estás jugando?5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL tocar6 (move) recorrer\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLa play on words un juego de palabrasto be in play estar dentro de juegoto be out of play estar fuera de juegoto be played out estar agotado,-a, estar rendido,-ato bring something into play poner algo en juegoto come into play entrar en juegoto give full play to something dar rienda suelta a algoto make a play for something/somebody intentar conseguir algo/conquistar a alguiento play by ear (music) tocar de oídoto play dead hacerse el/la muerto,-ato play for time tratar de ganar tiempoto play hard to get hacerse de rogar, hacerse el/la interesanteto play into somebody's hands hacerle el juego a alguiento play it by ear (improvise) decidir sobre la marcha, improvisarto play it cool hacer como si nadato play one's cards right jugar bien sus cartasto play safe / play it safe ir a lo seguro, no arriesgarseto play the fool hacer el indio, hacer el tontoto play the game jugar limpioto play truant hacer novillos, hacer campanato play with an idea dar vueltas a una ideato play with fire jugar con fuegofair play / foul play juego limpio / juego sucioplay ['pleɪ] vi1) : jugarto play with a doll: jugar con una muñecato play with an idea: darle vueltas a una idea2) fiddle, toy: jugar, jugueteardon't play with your food: no juegues con la comida3) : tocarto play in a band: tocar en un grupo4) : actuar (en una obra de teatro)play vt1) : jugar (un deporte, etc.), jugar a (un juego), jugar contra (un contrincante)2) : tocar (música o un instrumento)3) perform: interpretar, hacer el papel de (un carácter), representar (una obra de teatro)she plays the lead: hace el papel principalplay n1) game, recreation: juego mchildren at play: niños jugandoa play on words: un juego de palabras2) action: juego mthe ball is in play: la pelota está en juegoto bring into play: poner en juego3) drama: obra f de teatro, pieza f (de teatro)4) movement: juego m (de la luz, una brisa, etc.)5) slack: juego mthere's not enough play in the wheel: la rueda no da lo suficienten.• drama s.m.• holgura s.f.• huelgo s.m.• juego s.m.• jugada s.f.• obra dramática s.f.• pieza s.f.• recreo s.m. (A role)v.v.v.• tañer v.v.• divertirse v.• jugar v.• juguetear v.• representar v.• reproducir (Electrónica) v.• sonar v.pleɪ
I
1)a) u ( recreation) juego mb) u ( Sport) juego mplay was interrupted — se interrumpió el juego or el partido
to bring something/come into play — poner* algo/entrar en juego
to make a play for somebody/something — (also BrE)
he made a play for her — trató de ganársela or de conquistársela
the company made a play for ownership of ABC Industries — la compañía intentó hacerse con ABC Industries
2) u ( interplay) juego m4) c ( Theat) obra f (de teatro), pieza f (teatral), comedia fradio play — obra f radiofónica
5) c ( pun)
II
1.
2)a) \<\<cards/hopscotch\>\> jugar* ato play a jokeick on somebody — hacerle* or gastarle una broma/una jugarreta a alguien
b) \<\<football/chess\>\> jugar* (AmL exc RPl), jugar* a (Esp, RPl)3)a) ( compete against) \<\<opponent\>\> jugar* contrato play somebody AT something: I used to play her at chess — jugaba ajedrez or (Esp, RPl) al ajedrez con ella
b) \<\<ball\>\> pasar; \<\<card\>\> tirar, jugar*; \<\<piece\>\> mover*c) ( in particular position) jugar* ded) ( use in game) \<\<reserve\>\> alinear, sacar* a jugar4) ( gamble on) jugar* ato play the market — ( Fin) jugar* a la bolsa
5) ( Theat)a) \<\<villain/Hamlet\>\> representar el papel de, hacer* de, actuar* deto play the innocent — hacerse* el inocente
b) \<\<scene\>\> representarto play it cool — hacer* como si nada
to play (it) safe — ir* a la segura, no arriesgarse*
to play (it) straight — ser* sincero or honesto
c) \<\<theater/town\>\> actuar* en6) ( Mus) \<\<instrument/note\>\> tocar*; \<\<piece\>\> tocar*, interpretar (frml)7) ( Audio) \<\<tape/record\>\> poner*8) ( move) (+ adv compl)
2.
1) vi2) ( amuse oneself) \<\<children\>\> jugar*to play AT something — jugar* a algo
what are you playing at? — ¿a qué estás jugando?, ¿qué es lo que te propones?
to play WITH something/somebody — jugar* con algo/alguien
3) (Games, Sport) jugar*to play fair — jugar* limpio
to play fair with somebody — ser* justo con alguien
4)a) ( Theat) \<\<cast\>\> actuar*, trabajar; \<\<show\>\> ser* representadob) ( pretend)to play dead — hacerse* el muerto
to play hard to get — hacerse* el (or la etc) interesante
5) ( Mus) \<\<musician\>\> tocar*6) ( move)•Phrasal Verbs:- play off- play on- play out- play up[pleɪ]1. N1) (=recreation) juego m•
to be at play — estar jugando•
to do/say sth in play — hacer/decir algo en broma2) (Sport) juego m; (=move, manoeuvre) jugada f, movida fto be in play — [ball] estar en juego
fair I, 1., 1), foul 5.to be out of play — [ball] estar fuera de juego
3) (Theat) obra f (de teatro), pieza fplays teatro msingthe plays of Lope — las obras dramáticas de Lope, el teatro de Lope
radio/television play — obra f para radio/televisión
radioto be in a play — [actor] actuar en una obra
4) (Tech etc) juego mthere's too much play in the clutch — el embrague tiene demasiada holgura or va demasiado suelto
5) (fig) (=interaction)•
to come into play — entrar en juego•
to make a play for sth/sb — intentar conseguir algo/conquistar a algnto make (a) great play of sth — insistir en algo, hacer hincapié en algo
2. VT1) [+ football, tennis, chess, bridge, cards, board game etc] jugar a; [+ game, match] jugar, disputardo you play football? — ¿juegas al fútbol?
what position does he play? — ¿de qué juega?
to play centre-forward/centre-half etc — jugar de delantero centro/medio centro etc
•
to play a game of tennis — jugar un partido de tenisthe children were playing a game in the garden — los niños estaban jugando (a un juego) en el jardín
don't play games with me! — (fig) ¡no me vengas con jueguecitos!, ¡no trates de engañarme!
- play the field- play the game2) [+ team, opponent] jugar contralast time we played Sunderland... — la última vez que jugamos contra Sunderland...
•
to play sb at chess — jugar contra algn al ajedrez3) [+ card] jugar; [+ ball] golpear; [+ chess piece etc] mover; [+ fish] dejar que se canse, agotar•
he played the ball into the net — (Tennis) estrelló or golpeó la pelota contra la red•
to play the market — (St Ex) jugar a la bolsa- play one's cards right or well- play ball4) (=perform) [+ role, part] hacer, interpretar; [+ work] representar; (=perform in) [+ town] actuar enwhat part did you play? — ¿qué papel tuviste?
when we played "Hamlet" — cuando representamos "Hamlet"
to play the peacemaker/the devoted husband — (fig) hacer el papel de pacificador/de marido amantísimo
we could have played it differently — (fig) podríamos haber actuado de otra forma
- play it cool- play it safebook 1., 1), fool, trick 1., 1)5) (Mus etc) [+ instrument, note] tocar; [+ tune, concerto] tocar, interpretar more frm; [+ tape, CD] poner, tocarto play the piano/violin — tocar el piano/el violín
they played the 5th Symphony — tocaron or more frm interpretaron la Quinta Sinfonía
they were playing Beethoven — tocaban or more frm interpretaban algo de Beethoven
6) (=direct) [+ light, hose] dirigirto play a searchlight on an aircraft — dirigir un reflector hacia un avión, hacer de un avión el blanco de un reflector
3. VI1) (=amuse o.s.) [child] jugar; [puppy, kitten etc] jugar, juguetearto play with an idea — dar vueltas a una idea, barajar una idea
to play with fire — (fig) jugar con fuego
how much time/money do we have to play with? — ¿con cuánto tiempo/dinero contamos?, ¿de cuánto tiempo/dinero disponemos?
to play with o.s. * — euph tocarse, masturbarse
2) (Sport) (at game, gamble) jugarplay! — ¡listo!
who plays first? — ¿quién juega primero?
are you playing today? — ¿tu juegas hoy?
•
England are playing against Scotland in the final — Inglaterra jugará contra or se enfrentará a Escocia en la final•
to play at chess — jugar al ajedrezwhat are you playing at? * — pero ¿qué haces?, ¿qué te pasa?
•
to play by the rules — (fig) acatar las normas•
he plays for Liverpool — juega en el Liverpoolto play for high stakes — (lit) apostar muy alto; (fig) poner mucho en juego
•
to play in defence/goal — (Sport) jugar de defensa/de portero•
he played into the trees — (Golf) mandó la bola a la zona de árboles- play for time- play into sb's hands- play to one's strengths3) (Mus) [person] tocar; [instrument, record etc] sonardo you play? — ¿sabes tocar?
•
will you play for us? — ¿nos tocas algo?•
to play on the piano — tocar el piano•
to play to sb — tocar para algn4) (Theat, Cine) (=act) actuarthe film now playing at the Odeon — la película que se exhibe or proyecta en el Odeon
- play hard to get- play deadgallery5) (=move about, form patterns) correr6) [fountain] correr, funcionar4.CPDplay clothes NPL — ropa f para jugar
play reading N — lectura f (de una obra dramática)
- play in- play off- play on- play out- play up* * *[pleɪ]
I
1)a) u ( recreation) juego mb) u ( Sport) juego mplay was interrupted — se interrumpió el juego or el partido
to bring something/come into play — poner* algo/entrar en juego
to make a play for somebody/something — (also BrE)
he made a play for her — trató de ganársela or de conquistársela
the company made a play for ownership of ABC Industries — la compañía intentó hacerse con ABC Industries
2) u ( interplay) juego m4) c ( Theat) obra f (de teatro), pieza f (teatral), comedia fradio play — obra f radiofónica
5) c ( pun)
II
1.
2)a) \<\<cards/hopscotch\>\> jugar* ato play a joke/trick on somebody — hacerle* or gastarle una broma/una jugarreta a alguien
b) \<\<football/chess\>\> jugar* (AmL exc RPl), jugar* a (Esp, RPl)3)a) ( compete against) \<\<opponent\>\> jugar* contrato play somebody AT something: I used to play her at chess — jugaba ajedrez or (Esp, RPl) al ajedrez con ella
b) \<\<ball\>\> pasar; \<\<card\>\> tirar, jugar*; \<\<piece\>\> mover*c) ( in particular position) jugar* ded) ( use in game) \<\<reserve\>\> alinear, sacar* a jugar4) ( gamble on) jugar* ato play the market — ( Fin) jugar* a la bolsa
5) ( Theat)a) \<\<villain/Hamlet\>\> representar el papel de, hacer* de, actuar* deto play the innocent — hacerse* el inocente
b) \<\<scene\>\> representarto play it cool — hacer* como si nada
to play (it) safe — ir* a la segura, no arriesgarse*
to play (it) straight — ser* sincero or honesto
c) \<\<theater/town\>\> actuar* en6) ( Mus) \<\<instrument/note\>\> tocar*; \<\<piece\>\> tocar*, interpretar (frml)7) ( Audio) \<\<tape/record\>\> poner*8) ( move) (+ adv compl)
2.
1) vi2) ( amuse oneself) \<\<children\>\> jugar*to play AT something — jugar* a algo
what are you playing at? — ¿a qué estás jugando?, ¿qué es lo que te propones?
to play WITH something/somebody — jugar* con algo/alguien
3) (Games, Sport) jugar*to play fair — jugar* limpio
to play fair with somebody — ser* justo con alguien
4)a) ( Theat) \<\<cast\>\> actuar*, trabajar; \<\<show\>\> ser* representadob) ( pretend)to play dead — hacerse* el muerto
to play hard to get — hacerse* el (or la etc) interesante
5) ( Mus) \<\<musician\>\> tocar*6) ( move)•Phrasal Verbs:- play off- play on- play out- play up -
17 case
I nounif that's the case — wenn das so ist
it is [not] the case that... — es trifft [nicht] zu od. stimmt [nicht], dass...
it seems to be the case that they have... — sie scheinen tatsächlich... zu haben
as is generally the case with... — wie das normalerweise bei... der Fall ist
[just] in case — (to allow for all possibilities) für alle Fälle
in case of fire/ danger — bei Feuer/Gefahr
in case of emergency — im Notfall
in any case — (regardless of anything else) jedenfalls
in no case — (certainly not) auf keinen Fall
in that case — in diesem Fall
2) (Med., Police, Soc. Serv., etc., or coll.): (person afflicted) Fall, derhe is a mental/psychiatric case — er ist ein Fall für den Psychiater
the case for the prosecution/defence — die Anklage/Verteidigung
II 1. nounhave a [good] case for doing something/for something — gute Gründe haben, etwas zu tun/für etwas haben
1) Koffer, der; (small) Handkoffer, der; (briefcase) [Akten]tasche, die; (for musical instrument) Kasten, der2) (sheath) Hülle, die; (for spectacles, cigarettes) Etui, das; (for jewellery) Schmuckkassette, die3) (crate) Kiste, diecase of oranges — Kiste [mit] Apfelsinen
4) (glass box) Vitrine, die[display] case — Schaukasten, der
5) (cover) Gehäuse, das2. transitive verb1) (box) verpacken2) (sl.): (examine)case the joint — sich (Dat.) den Laden mal ansehen (ugs.)
* * *I [keis] noun2) (a particular situation: It's different in my case.) der Fall3) (a legal trial: The judge in this case is very fair.) der Fall4) (an argument or reason: There's a good case for thinking he's wrong.) der Fall6) (a form of a pronoun (eg he or him), noun or adjective showing its relation to other words in the sentence.) der Fall•- academic.ru/116781/in_case">in case- in case of
- in that case II [keis] noun2) (a crate or box: six cases of whisky.) die Kiste3) (a piece of furniture for displaying or containing things: a glass case full of china; a bookcase.) der Schrank* * *case1[keɪs]nis that the \case with you? trifft das für Sie zu?if that is the \case... wenn das der Fall ist...; (is true) wenn das stimmt [o zutrifft]...in the \case of her having failed... sollte sie nicht bestanden haben,...it's not a \case of choice but of having to mit Wollen hat das nichts zu tun, eher mit Müssenin \case of an emergency im Notfalla \case in point ein [zu]treffendes Beispielin most \cases meistens, in den meisten Fällenin \case... für den Fall, dass..., falls...in \case the police come, hide the money versteck das Geld, falls [o für den Fall, dass] die Polizei kommtbring a map, just in \case you get lost bring eine Karte mit, nur für den Fall, dass du dich verirrstjust in \case für alle Fällein any \case (besides)I haven't been invited in any \case ich bin sowieso nicht eingeladenwe'll have a look, but it may be too expensive for us in any \case wir schauen es uns mal an, es ist aber vielleicht sowieso zu teuer für uns; (at least)the school, or in any \case the head, is against the council's plans die Schule, oder zumindest der Rektor, ist gegen die Gemeindepläne; (regardless)in any \case, they ended up having a big argument am Ende haben sie sich jedenfalls [o auf jeden Fall] heftig gestrittenin no \case unter keinen Umständen, auf keinen Falla \case of conscience eine Gewissensfrageis he the detective on the \case? ist er der Kriminalbeamte, der den Fall bearbeitetthe \case went against her es wurde gegen sie entschiedenthere was no \case against her es lag nichts gegen sie voran assault \case ein Fall m von Körperverletzungmurder \case Mordfall mcivil/criminal \case Zivil-/Strafsache f, Zivil-/Strafverfahren mto come down to \cases zur Sache kommento lose/win a \case einen Prozess verlieren/gewinnenmental \case Geisteskranke(r) f(m)there's a good [or strong] \case for buying our products es gibt viele [gute] Gründe, unsere Produkte zu kaufenis there a good \case for reinstating him? was spricht dafür, ihn wieder einzusetzen?to make [out] a \case against/for sth gegen/für etw akk argumentierento make out a good \case for sth gute [o überzeugende] Argumente für etw akk vorbringento overstate the \case etw zu vehement vertretenlet's hear the \case for the defence die Verteidigung hat das Wortthe \case rests die Beweisführung ist abgeschlossenhe has a good [or strong] \case seine Klage erscheint aussichtsreichno \case to answer unschlüssiges Vorbringen fachsprthere is no \case to answer das Vorbringen ist unschlüssig fachsprshe has no \case to answer die gegen sie erhobene Klage ist unschlüssig fachsprthe court decided that there was no \case to answer die Klage wurde als unschlüssig abgewiesen fachsprthe prosecution failed to make a \case [for him] to answer die Staatsanwaltschaft konnte keinen schlüssigen Beweise [gegen ihn] vorbringento close the \case die Beweisaufnahme schließento be a hopeless/sad \case ein hoffnungsloser/trauriger Fall seinget off my \case! hör auf, mich zu nerven! famto be in the accusative/genitive \case im Akkusativ/Genitiv stehencase2[keɪs]na \case of wine eine Kiste Wein4. (small container) Schatulle f; (for hat) Schachtel f; (for spectacles) Etui nt; (for musical instrument) Kasten m; (for CD, MC, umbrella) Hülle flower/upper \case letter Klein-/Großbuchstabe mto be written in lower/upper \case letters kleingeschrieben/großgeschrieben seincase3[keɪs]vt ( fam)to \case a place einen Ort inspizieren* * *I [keɪs]n1) (= situation) Fall mif that's the case — wenn das der Fall ist, wenn das zutrifft or stimmt
is that the case with you? — ist das bei Ihnen der Fall?, trifft das auf Sie zu?
if it is the case that you're right... — sollten Sie wirklich or tatsächlich recht haben..., im Fall(e), dass Sie tatsächlich recht haben...
such being the case — da das der Fall ist, da dem so ist (geh)
in most cases — meist( ens), in den meisten Fällen
a typical case (of) —
in case of emergency — im Notfall m, bei Gefahr f
in this/that case — in dem Fall
in no case — unter keinen Umständen, auf keinen Fall
five cases of smallpox/pneumonia — fünf Pockenfälle/Fälle von Lungenentzündung f
the case for the defence/prosecution — die Verteidigung/Anklage
in the case Higgins v Schwarz —
the case for/against the abolition of capital punishment — die Argumente für/gegen die Abschaffung der Todesstrafe
you haven't got a case — das Belastungsmaterial reicht nicht für ein Verfahren; (fig) Sie haben keine Handhabe
you/they have a good case — es ist durchaus gerechtfertigt, was Sie/sie sagen
there's a very good case for adopting this method — es spricht sehr viel dafür, diese Methode zu übernehmen
they do not have a very good case — sie haben nicht viel Chancen, damit durchzukommen
to put the case for sth —
there's a good case for voting Labour — es gibt viele Gründe, Labour zu wählen
the court decided that there was no case against him — das Gericht entschied, dass nichts gegen ihn vorlag
a hopeless/sad case —
6) (inf)to be on sb's case ( about sth) — jdn (wegen etw) nerven (inf)
to get on sb's case (about sth) — an jdm (wegen etw) herummeckern (inf)
IIget off my case! — lass mich in Ruhe! (inf)
1. n1) (= suitcase) Koffer m; (= crate, packing case) Kiste f; (= display case) Vitrine f, Schau- or Glaskasten m2) (= box) Schachtel f; (for jewels) Schatulle f, Kästchen nt; (for spectacles) Etui nt, Futteral nt; (= seed case) Hülse f, Hülle f; (for CD, umbrella) Hülle f; (= pillowcase) Bezug m; (for musical instrument) Kasten m; (of watch) Gehäuse nt3) (TYP)upper/lower case — groß-/kleingeschrieben
2. vt (inf)to case the joint — sich (dat) den Laden ansehen (inf)
* * *case1 [keıs]A s1. Fall m:a case in point ein typischer Fall, ein einschlägiges Beispiel;a clear case of injustice ein klarer Fall von Ungerechtigkeit;2. Fall m, Umstand m, Lage f:a) auf jeden Fall, jedenfalls,b) sowieso;in no case auf keinen Fall, keinesfalls;b) für alle Fälle;in case of im Falle von (od gen);in case of need nötigenfalls, im Notfall;in that case in diesem Falle;just in case für den Fall eines Falles;the case is this die Sache ist die, der Fall liegt so;as the case may be je nachdem3. Fall m, Tatsache f:that is not the case (with him) das ist (bei ihm) nicht der Fall, das trifft (auf ihn) nicht zu;as is the case with me wie es bei mir der Fall ist;if that is the case wenn das der Fall ist, wenn das zutrifft4. Sache f, Angelegenheit f, Frage f:case of conscience Gewissensfrage;that alters the case das ändert die Sache;come down to cases umg zur Sache kommen5. JUR (Streit-, Rechts) Sache f, (Rechts) Fall m:a)(Gesamtheit f der) Tatsachen pl und Beweise pl, Beweismaterial nc) allg Argumente pl, (triftige) Gründe pl:make out a case seine Sache beweisen;make out one’s case triftige Gründe vorlegen, seine Gründe als stichhaltig beweisen;he has a good ( oder strong) case viele Tatsachen sprechen für ihn, er hat gute Beweise, seine Sache steht gut;there is a case for it es gibt triftige Gründe dafür, vieles spricht dafür;7. LING Kasus m, Fall m8. MED (Krankheits)Fall m, Patient(in):two cases of typhoid zwei Fälle von Typhus, zwei Typhuskranke9. umg komischer Kauz10. US umg Verliebtheit f:they had quite a case on each other sie waren schrecklich ineinander verknalltB v/t umg eine Bank etc ausbaldowern sl, auskundschaften:case the joint sich den Laden genau ansehencase2 [keıs]A s1. Kiste f, Kasten m:a case of wine eine Kiste Wein2. allg Behälter m, Behältnis n, besondersa) Schachtel fc) (Brillen-, Zigaretten- etc) Etui n, (Brillen-, Messer) Futteral n, (Schutz)Hülle f (für Bücher, Messer etc)d) (Akten-, Schreib) Mappe fe) Koffer mg) (Uhr- etc) Gehäuse n3. Besteckkasten m (eines Chirurgen etc):case of instruments Besteck n4. ARCH (Tür-, Fenster) Futter n, Einfassung f7. TECH Verkleidung f, Mantel mB v/t3. JAGD einen Fuchs etc abziehen, abbalgen4. Buchbinderei: den Buchblock (in die Einbanddecke) einhängen5. TECH verkleiden, ummanteln* * *I noun1) (instance, matter) Fall, derit is [not] the case that... — es trifft [nicht] zu od. stimmt [nicht], dass...
it seems to be the case that they have... — sie scheinen tatsächlich... zu haben
as is generally the case with... — wie das normalerweise bei... der Fall ist
in case... — falls...; für den Fall, dass... (geh.)
[just] in case — (to allow for all possibilities) für alle Fälle
in case of fire/ danger — bei Feuer/Gefahr
in any case — (regardless of anything else) jedenfalls
in no case — (certainly not) auf keinen Fall
2) (Med., Police, Soc. Serv., etc., or coll.): (person afflicted) Fall, derhe is a mental/psychiatric case — er ist ein Fall für den Psychiater
the case for the prosecution/defence — die Anklage/Verteidigung
II 1. nounhave a [good] case for doing something/for something — gute Gründe haben, etwas zu tun/für etwas haben
1) Koffer, der; (small) Handkoffer, der; (briefcase) [Akten]tasche, die; (for musical instrument) Kasten, der2) (sheath) Hülle, die; (for spectacles, cigarettes) Etui, das; (for jewellery) Schmuckkassette, die3) (crate) Kiste, diecase of oranges — Kiste [mit] Apfelsinen
4) (glass box) Vitrine, die[display] case — Schaukasten, der
5) (cover) Gehäuse, das2. transitive verb1) (box) verpacken2) (sl.): (examine)case the joint — sich (Dat.) den Laden mal ansehen (ugs.)
* * *(carpentry) n.Zarge -n (Tür, Fenster) f. n.Angelegenheit f.Fach ¨-er n.Fall ¨-e m.Gehäuse - n.Kiste -n f.Koffer - m.Prozess -e m.Sache -n f. -
18 harmonise
1) (to sing or play musical instruments in harmony.) synge i harmoni; spille i harmoni2) (to add different parts to (a melody) to form harmonies.) harmonisere3) (to (cause to) be in harmony or agreement: The colours in this room harmonize nicely.) harmonere; passe godt sammen* * *1) (to sing or play musical instruments in harmony.) synge i harmoni; spille i harmoni2) (to add different parts to (a melody) to form harmonies.) harmonisere3) (to (cause to) be in harmony or agreement: The colours in this room harmonize nicely.) harmonere; passe godt sammen -
19 harmonize
1) (to sing or play musical instruments in harmony.) synge i harmoni; spille i harmoni2) (to add different parts to (a melody) to form harmonies.) harmonisere3) (to (cause to) be in harmony or agreement: The colours in this room harmonize nicely.) harmonere; passe godt sammen* * *1) (to sing or play musical instruments in harmony.) synge i harmoni; spille i harmoni2) (to add different parts to (a melody) to form harmonies.) harmonisere3) (to (cause to) be in harmony or agreement: The colours in this room harmonize nicely.) harmonere; passe godt sammen -
20 note
1. nounstrike the right note — [Sprecher, Redner, Brief:] den richtigen Ton treffen
2) (tone of expression) [Unter]ton, dernote of caution/anger — warnender/ärgerlicher [Unter]ton
on a note of optimism, on an optimistic note — in optimistischem Ton
his voice had a peevish note — seine Stimme klang gereizt
a festive note, a note of festivity — eine festliche Note
3) (jotting) Notiz, dietake or make notes — sich (Dat.) Notizen machen
take or make a note of something — sich (Dat.) etwas notieren
4) (annotation, footnote) Anmerkung, die5) (short letter) [kurzer] Briefperson/something of note — bedeutende Persönlichkeit/etwas Bedeutendes
2. transitive verbtake note of something — (heed) einer Sache (Dat.) Beachtung schenken; (notice) etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen
1) (pay attention to) beachten2) (notice) bemerken3) (set down)note [down] — [sich (Dat.)] notieren
* * *[nəut] 1. noun1) (a piece of writing to call attention to something: He left me a note about the meeting.) die Notiz2) ((in plural) ideas for a speech, details from a lecture etc written down in short form: The students took notes on the professor's lecture.) die Aufzeichnung3) (a written or mental record: Have you kept a note of his name?) die Notiz4) (a short explanation: There is a note at the bottom of the page about that difficult word.) die Anmerkung5) (a short letter: She wrote a note to her friend.) das Briefchen7) (a musical sound: The song ended on a high note.) der Ton8) (a written or printed symbol representing a musical note.) die Note9) (an impression or feeling: The conference ended on a note of hope.) der Klang2. verb•- academic.ru/50531/notable">notable- notability
- notably
- noted
- notelet
- notebook
- notecase
- notepaper
- noteworthy
- noteworthiness
- take note of* * *[nəʊt, AM noʊt]I. nto leave a \note eine Nachricht hinterlassento keep a \note of sth [sich dat] etw notierento write sb a \note [or a \note to sb] jdm eine Nachricht hinterlassen2. (attention)to take \note of sth von etw dat Notiz nehmenblack/white \notes schwarze/weiße Tastenhigh/low \note hohe/tiefe Noteto change [AM its] \note seinen Ton [o Klang] verändernto strike a false/serious \note einen unpassenden/ernsthaften Ton anschlagento strike the right \note den richtigen Ton treffen7. ( form)▪ of \note von Bedeutunghe's a historian of \note er ist ein bedeutender Historikernothing of \note nichts von Bedeutungthe fresh \note of bergamot die frische Note von Bergamotte9. ECON[promissory] \note Schuldschein mII. vt▪ to \note sth▪ to \note that... zur Kenntnis nehmen, dass...▪ to \note how/when/where... zur Kenntnis nehmen, wie/wann/wo...\note how easy it is to release the catch quickly beachten Sie, wie einfach und schnell sich der Verschluss öffnen lässt▪ to \note that... feststellen, dass...4. FINto \note a bill einen Wechsel protestieren* * *[nəʊt]1. n1) Notiz f, Anmerkung f; (= notice, comment) Hinweis m (also Comput); (= footnote) Anmerkung f, Fußnote f; (official: in file etc) Vermerk m; (= diplomatic note) Note f; (= informal letter) Briefchen nt, paar Zeilen pllecture notes (professor's) — Manuskript nt; (student's) Aufzeichnungen pl
to speak without notes — frei sprechen, ohne Vorlage sprechen
to speak from notes —
to send/leave sb a note —
to take or make notes — Notizen machen; (in lecture also, in interrogation) mitschreiben
to make notes on a case ( — sich dat ) Notizen zu einem Fall machen
to take or make a note of sth — sich (dat) etw notieren
2) no pl(= notice)
to take note of sth — von etw Notiz nehmen, etw zur Kenntnis nehmentake no note of what he says — nehmen Sie keine Notiz von dem, was er sagt, achten Sie nicht darauf, was er sagt
take note of what I tell you — hören Sie auf das, was ich zu sagen habe
worthy of note — beachtenswert, erwähnenswert
3) no pl(= importance)
a man of note — ein bedeutender Mannto play/sing the right/wrong note — richtig/falsch spielen/singen
it struck a wrong or false note (fig) — da hat er etc sich im Ton vergriffen
on a more optimistic/positive note — aus optimistischer/positiver Sicht
his voice took on a note of desperation —
a £5 note, a five-pound note — eine Fünfpfundnote, ein Fünfpfundschein m
2. vt1) (= notice) bemerken; (= take note of) zur Kenntnis nehmen; (= pay attention to) beachten2)See:= note down* * *note [nəʊt]A s1. (Kenn)Zeichen n, Merkmal n2. fig Ansehen n, Ruf m, Bedeutung f:a man of note ein bedeutender Mann;nothing of note nichts von Bedeutung;worthy of note beachtenswert3. Notiz f, Kenntnisnahme f, Beachtung f:a) von etwas Notiz oder etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen,b) etwas beachten4. Notiz f, Aufzeichnung f:make a note of sth sich etwas notieren oder vormerken;speak without notes frei sprechen;5. (diplomatische) Note:exchange of notes Notenwechsel m6. Briefchen n, Zettel(chen) m(n)7. TYPOa) Anmerkung fb) Satzzeichen n8. WIRTSCHa) Nota f, Rechnung f:as per note laut Notab) (Schuld)Schein m:bought and sold note Schlussschein m;notes payable (receivable) US Wechselverbindlichkeiten (-forderungen)c) Banknote f, Geldschein m:d) Vermerk m, Notiz fe) Mitteilung f:note of exchange Kursblatt n9. MUSb) besonders Br Ton mc) besonders Br Taste f:strike the notes die Tasten anschlagen10. poet Klang m, Melodie f, besonders (Vogel)Gesang m11. fig Ton(art) m(f):strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen;a) sich im Ton vergreifen,b) sich danebenbenehmen;on this note in diesem Sinne;12. figa) Ton m, Beiklang m:with a note of irritation mit einem Unterton von Ärgerb) Note f, Element n, Faktor m:a note of realism eine realistische NoteB v/t1. bemerkennote that … beachten, dass …bill (of exchange) noted for protest protestierter Wechsel5. besonders Preise angebenn. abk1. natus, born geb.2. neuter4. noon5. north N6. northern nördl.7. note8. noun Subst.9. number Nr.* * *1. nounstrike the right note — [Sprecher, Redner, Brief:] den richtigen Ton treffen
2) (tone of expression) [Unter]ton, dernote of caution/anger — warnender/ärgerlicher [Unter]ton
on a note of optimism, on an optimistic note — in optimistischem Ton
a festive note, a note of festivity — eine festliche Note
3) (jotting) Notiz, dietake or make notes — sich (Dat.) Notizen machen
take or make a note of something — sich (Dat.) etwas notieren
4) (annotation, footnote) Anmerkung, die5) (short letter) [kurzer] Briefperson/something of note — bedeutende Persönlichkeit/etwas Bedeutendes
2. transitive verbtake note of something — (heed) einer Sache (Dat.) Beachtung schenken; (notice) etwas zur Kenntnis nehmen
1) (pay attention to) beachten2) (notice) bemerken3) (set down)note [down] — [sich (Dat.)] notieren
* * *n.Anmerkung f.Memorandum (Pol.) n.Note -n f.Notiz -en f.Vermerk -e m.Zettel - m. v.beachten v.notieren v.vermerken v.
См. также в других словарях:
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